语法复习----------动词不定式

　　1.不定式的形式

　　主动式 被动式 含义

　　一般式

　　进行式

　　完成式

　　完成进行式

　　We decided to plant more trees this spring.

　　They often watch us play table tennis.

　　She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

　　I am sorry to have lost your keys.

　　He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed.

　　The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.

　　不定式的否定式____________________

　　It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

　　不定式的句法功能。

　　To do that sort of thing is foolish。________

　　My ambition is to become a famous scientist.______

　　I want to see you this evening.________

　　We found a house to live in._______

　　She came here to study English.______

　　I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation._______

　　作主语。

　　To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.

　　To get there by car takes a whole day.

　　注意：

　　不定式作主语时，谓语动词用________.

　　不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。

　　　 alking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方

　　动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

　　常用的句型有：

　　1. It is + adj.+ of /for sb to do sth

　　eg: It is not safe to drink the polluted water.

　　It is kind of him to help. ( He is kind.)

　　It is impossible for him to help us. ( He is impossible. x)

　　2. It is a/ an +n (crime, mistake, pity,

　　shame, good idea) + to do sth

　　eg: It's a good idea to visit the science museum this weekend.

　　3._________________ ____________________

　　eg:

　　It would take years to rebuild the castle

　　高考链接

　　1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

　　A. this B. that C. it D. he

　　2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.　A. for B. of C. about D. From

　　不定式及其短语作定语_____________________,

　　以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等词后,在have to do和there be句型中。e.g.

　　没有人可以照看他

　　There is no one to take care of her.

　　只有五种式样可供选择

　　There are only five pairs to choose from.

　　由于不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。例如：He has no friend to depend on.

　　I have to find a seat to sit on.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。

　　　Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要()带给你儿子吗？

　　Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西()带给你儿子吗？

　　不定式在以下形容词后:easy, difficult,

　　hard, heavy, light, cheap,

　　good, nice,

　　safe,

　　dangerous, important,

　　interesting, pleasant,

　　(im)possible等。这时常用主动形式表被动When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____ . (96上海)

　　A. to send B. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to

　　.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century. (94)

　　A. having writte

　　B. to be written C. being written D. Written

　　The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A. to smell

　　B. smelling

　　C. smelt

　　D. to be smelt（上海）

　　（四）做宾语。

　　Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。______________________________________.

　　他答应不告诉任何人这事。__________________________________________________

　　注意：

　　下列动词后只能用不定式做宾语：ask,,

　　afford,

　　agree, care,

　　choose, demand,

　　decide, expect,

　　fail,

　　hope,

　　learn, manage,

　　offer,

　　plan,

　　prepare,

　　pretend,

　　promise,

　　refuse,

　　want,

　　wish

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。I wondered where to go to spend my holiday,

　　及物动词want, need, require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。即

　　在表示”希望，打算“等动词（如wish, hope, plan, mean ,intend)的过去式后加+ to have done 表示原打算干却没能办到，相当于had wished/hoped/....to do

　　1.

　　I had meant to go to Shanghai

　　yesterday,

　　but was delayed by the bad weather.

　　2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?

　　---I' d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.

　　3. I expected to have met him here last night.我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到她.(但没见到）

　　如果不定式做宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it 做形式宾语，而动词不定式要放到补语后面。即我们通常说的6123结构。例如：

　　She made it a rule to get up at 5 every day.

　　I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.

　　介词后一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可用带疑问词的不定式

　　Marx gave some advice on how to learn English well.

　　但是介词but, except后可以接不定式做宾语，需要特别注意的是若这两个介词前有实义动词do, 则不定式的to 要省略。

　　The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.

　　We had no choice but to wait for the next train,

　　There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.

　　高考链接

　　1. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.

　　A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

　　. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.

　　A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

　　. ----I usually go there by train.

　　----Why not ________ by boat for a change?

　　A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

　　. ----Was the test difficult?

　　----Not at all. We found ________ .

　　　A. it very easy for doingB. very easy to do itC. it very easy to do

　　D. it very easy to do it

　　5. ----Do you know Mr. Smith?

　　　Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.

　　A. us B. it C. him D. You

　　6. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

　　A. this B. that C. its D. it

　　. Last summer I took a course on ________ .

　　A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be made

　　C. how to be made dresses

　　D. how dresses to be made

　　8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .

　　　A. it what to do withB. what to do it with

　　C. what to do with it

　　D. to do what with it

　　9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.

　　A. expected

　　B to expect

　　C to be expecting

　　D. Expects

　　10. Sandy could do nothing but ___________ to his teacher that he was wrong. (2001上海春季)

　　A．admitB．admitted

　　C．admittingD．to admit

　　(五）做宾语补足语。

　　在感官动词后做宾语补足语，此时不定式要省略 to. 表示动作的全过程。

　　这些感官动词有：______________________________________________________________.

　　I heard him sing yesterday.

　　Did you see him go out?

　　I felt something crawl up my leg.]

　　注意： 转为被动语态时to要还原。We saw the car stop.=________________________________

　　.2. 做使役动词(have,make, let)后的宾语补足语,不定式省略to.,但是转为被动语态时to需要还原。

　　Though he had often made his little sister cry ,today he was made to cry by his little sister.

　　动词 advise, allow, ask, tell,invite,expect,force, get, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, order, warn,want等后常接不定式做宾语补足语，即这些动词+sb./sth. to do sth,

　　We won't allow such thing to happen again,

　　We finally persuaded our teacher to play football with us.

　　高考链接

　　A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.（2003）

　　A.smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked

　　My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004北京)

　　A for me taking B me taking C for me to takeD me to take

　　3.Paul doesn't have to be made______. He always works hard.(95)

　　　 A. learn　B. to learn　C. learned　D. Learning

　　做状语

　　动词不定式做状语主要是做目的状语，也可以在句中做结果，原因等状语。

　　1. 做目的状语。 I'm saving up money to buy a computer.

　　To save the child, he lost his life.

　　有时为了强调或突出这种目的， 也可以用in order (not) to do 或者so as (not) to do 结构，区别是so as to do 不能放在句首。I'll write down the telephone number so as not to forget it.

　　此外，一定要注意不定式做目的状语时不能位于逗号后。

　　高考链接：

　　1.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.

　　A．in order to have received

　　B．in order to receive

　　C．so as to be received

　　D．so as to be receiving

　　____ the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.

　　Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete

　　做结果状语，常用于下列句型

　　so ........ as to do

　　Would you be so kind as to lent me your cellphone?

　　such .... as to do

　　We are not such fools as to believe him.

　　enough ........to do

　　He didn't run fast enough to catch the train,

　　only to do

　　He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own foot.

　　too .... to do

　　His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.

　　其中 too....to结构中的形容词如果是eager,happy,pleased,ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定意思。 I am too pleased to help you.

　　高考链接 He hurried to the booking office only_________that all the tickets had been sold out.? A.to tell??????????? B.to be told?????????? C.telling????????????? D.told?????????

　　不定式做独立成分，在句中做插入语。如：

　　to tell you the truth__________

　　to begin with

　　__________

　　to be frank _______

　　to be honest ____________

　　to conclude___________

　　其他说明

　　如果不定式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动作之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式。to have done. 常见的一个句型是sb./sth. is said/ reported/believed/supposed/considered + to have doneShe feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

　　The Vikings are believed to have discovered America.

　　You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.

　　高考链接： .Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99)

　　A to have studied

　　B.to study

　　C.

　　made

　　D. to make

　　2. 如果主要谓语动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么不定式就要用其进行式。例如： When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer.

　　1.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.

　　A. this????B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it

　　2.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one??______． A．blamed??????? B．blaming???? C．to blame? D. to be blamed.If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.

　　A. gets????B. got???????????? ?C. to get????? ??D. getting 4.As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____.

　　A. to use????B. to be used???????? ?C. to have used????? ?D. to be using 5._____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. ??? A.Faced? B.Face? C.Facing? D.To face 6.He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（ ?A. to be told???B. to tell???C. told????D. telling 7.AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

　　A. that it is???????? B. to be?????? C. that it has been?? D. to have been

　　8.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

　　A. have been missing?? B. have got lost?? C. be missing?? D. get lost 9.To a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.

　　???????A. was to be held???? ?B. has been held???? C. will be held??????? ?D. is being held 10. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—_______________ her this weekend? [2007 全国卷I]

　　A. Why not visit

　　B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting

　　D. Why don’t visit