2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。

　　句型提炼： the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句 (1)the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。 (2)名词(短语)作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有： every/each time　每次

　　last/next time　上/下次……时

　　by the time　到……为止 the moment/the minute/the instant　一……就…… 【句型剖析】

　　Every time I thought of the thing, I felt very shameful. 每次想到这件事，我都感到非常丢脸。 “By the time you walk into that meeting, there should be no surprises，” she says. “当你走进那间会议室时，应该没有什么意外情况发生。”她说。 【易错点津】 the first time意为 “第一次”，相当于从属连词，引导时间状语从句；for the first time意为 “第一次”，介词短语，在句中只能用作状语，不具有连词功能。 He was reading the first time I saw him. ＝He was reading when I saw him for the first time. 我第一次看到他时，他正在读书。 【即时巩固】

　　完成句子 我第一次上英语老师的课时就很感兴趣。我第一次上课这么兴奋。 I became interested in the English teacher's lesson_________________ I attended his class.I was so excited in class _______________ . 【答案】the first time；for the first time

　　2．equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物 【考点激活】 ①In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no ____________.(2024安徽) 实际上，说到战争的艺术，蚂蚁没有对手。

　　(1)be equal to (doing) sth.　等于/胜任做某事 (2)A equals B in…　A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌 (3)have no equal in sth.　在……方面没有对手 (4)equally　adv.相等地；平等地 【知识建构】

　　If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. 如果宪法说所有人都是自由和平等的，那么她认为这也适用于她。(2024山东) 【举一反三】 表示“胜任”的其它表达形式还有：be up to；be fit for；be qualified for；be qualified to do sth。 【即时巩固】 一句多译 ②在数学方面他没有对手。 No one can_________________ math. (equal作动词用) ＝He has ______________ math.(equal作名词用) 【答案】①equal　②equal him in；no equal in

　　3．reward n．& vt.报酬；奖赏；酬劳；奖金 【考点激活】 ①Good is ____________________ good. 好人有好报/(善有善报)。 (1)reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth.　为做某事而用……酬谢某人 (2)give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.　为某事而给某人报酬 deserve a reward for因……而理应受到奖励 in reward (for…)作为酬谢……；作为奖励 (3)rewarding　adj.值得的；有报酬的 【知识建构】

　　When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. 说到卖房子，商家也大量使用回报策略。(2024重庆)

　　【词义辨析】 reward 作名词时，表示做某事而获得的“回报”、“酬金”，可指钱或物；作动词时，表示“报答；酬谢” prize 作名词时，表示“获几等奖或获奖金额” award 作名词时，表示经评委考虑颁发的“奖品”“奖金”；作动词时，表示“授予，颁发”。其搭配为：award sb.with sth.，意为：“授予某人某物”。 【即时巩固】 用award, reward, prize的适当形式填空 ②She was __________

　　for her efforts with a cash bonus. ③Mo Yan was __________

　　the Nobel ______ in 2024. 【答案】①rewarded with　②rewarded　③awarded；Prize

　　4．escape v．& n．逃脱；逃生；泄露 【考点激活】 ①A prisoner has escaped ____________ a jail in northern England. 一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。

　　(1)escape from…　从……逃脱；逃避 escape (doing) sth.　逃避(做)某事 (2)fire escape　太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape　九死一生 【知识建构】

　　That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. 那个特别的日子，我哥哥和我坐着看了两遍那两部电影，试图避开炎热。(2024山东)

　　【即时巩固】 语法填空 ②Whoever breaks the law can't escape ____________ (punish)． ③This is the prison __________ the thief escaped last night. 【答案】①from　②being punished　③from which 1．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；开始行动；转向 【考点激活】 赏句猜义 ①Turn to the left when you see a flower shop.()

　　②Whenever you are in trouble, turn to me for help.() ③After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.() turn on　打开

　　turn off　关闭(开关等) turn down　调小；拒绝 turn up　开大；调高；出现；到场；被发现 turn in　上交；提交 turn over　打翻；翻身；移交 turn out　出席；在场；证明是；结果是 【知识建构】

　　It turned out that he was the general manager of the company. 结果他是这家公司的总经理。

　　【即时巩固】 用turn短语的适当形式填空 ④He looked honest, but finally it _______ _________that he was a thief. ⑤When meeting new words, I often ______ ________a dictionary. ⑥He ______________ my suggestion and ____________ the business to his daughter.

　　【答案】①转向　②求助于　③开始从事　④turned out⑤turn to　⑥turned down；turned over

　　2．come to power上台；执政；当权 【考点激活】 ①The party ______________________at the last election. 这个政党在上次大选中当选执政党。

　　(1)have the power to do sth.　有权做某事 do everything in one's power　尽某人所能 have the power of doing sth.　具有做某事的能力 (2)in power　当权的；执政的(表状态) within/beyond one's power　在能力范围之内/之外 【知识建构】

　　Fathers have the power to control children and young people. 父辈们有权力控制孩子们和年轻人的生活。 【即时巩固】 句型转换 ②I will try my best to help you out. ＝I will ________________to help you out.　 ③I can't work out the physics problem. ＝The physics problem is ______________. 【答案】①came to power　②do everything in my power　③beyond my power 3．set up设立；建立 【考点激活】 ①At the front of the supermarket, a charity (慈善) group had______________ a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. 为了募集资金，一个慈善团体在超市的前面搭建了一个货摊卖烹调过的香肠和鲜花。(2024福建) set down　写下；记下 set out　出发；动身；开始；着手 set aside　把……放在一边；省出；留出 set about doing sth.　开始做某事；着手做某事 【知识建构】

　　Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life. 老沃尔特正在写他乡村生活的回忆录。

　　【即时巩固】 用set短语的适当形式填空 ②I dream about _______________ my own business in ten years. ③I have formed the habit of ____________ some time to exercise every day.

　　④_______________ early in the morning, they headed for the destination. ⑤After finishing my homework, I _________ reading a novel. 【答案】①set up　②setting up　③setting aside　④Setting out　⑤set about 1．… only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到这个时候，我们才决定以暴制暴。

　　句型提炼： Only ＋状语(从句)放于句首的部分倒装 only位于句首，修饰的是状语(状语从句、介词短语、副词)时，句子运用部分倒装。 【句型剖析】

　　Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有用这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。 Only when I reread the poem did I understand its meaning completely. 只有重读这首诗的时候，我才真正地理解它的意思。

　　【易错点津】 only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。如： Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life. 只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。

　　【即时巩固】

　　句型转换 You can improve your Mandarin if you practice more. ＝Only if you practice more ____________ ____________your Mandarin.(2024四川) 【答案】can you improve Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

　　话题·走近名人 (2024安徽) 某英文杂志正在举办以 “Fancy yourself as an interviewer” 为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview” 为题， 写一篇英语短文。

　　内容包括： 1．采访的对象；

　　2．采访的原因； 3．想提的问题。

　　【晨背范文】 A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.

　　I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.

　　If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is as great fun as I have read.Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.

　　★话题词汇

　　1．admire　vt.钦佩；欣赏 2．outstanding　adj.优秀的；杰出的 3．personality　n．个性；性格 4．be honored as　被誉为……

　　5．be gifted at　对……有天赋 6．set a good example to　为……做出好榜样

　　★话题佳句 1. Honored as one of the most outstanding leaders, Mandela won the respect of the whole world. 被誉为最杰出的领袖之一，曼德拉赢得了全世界的尊重。

　　2．I realize the secret to success is not where you were born, but what you are doing in your life. 我意识到成功的秘诀不在你出生在哪里，而在于在生活中你正在做什么。 3．What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” 给我印象最深刻的是他的名言，“天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水”。 Ⅰ.单词速忆 1．_________

　　vi.& vt. 逃脱； 逃走； 避开 2．_________

　　vt .酬劳；奖赏n.报酬；奖金 3．_________

　　vt.进攻； 攻击； 抨击 4．_________

　　vt.& vi.投票； 选举n.投票； 选票； 表决 escape reward attack vote 5．__________

　　n．意见； 看法； 主张 6．__________

　　n．舞台； 阶段； 时期 7．__________

　　n．质量； 品质； 性质 8．__________

　　n．法则； 原则； 原理 9．__________

　　adj.吝啬的； 自私的； 卑鄙的 10．_________

　　adj.慷慨的； 大方的 11．_________ vt.(与to连用) 献身；专心于 →__________

　　adj.忠实的；深爱的 opinion stage quality principle

　　mean

　　generous devote devoted 12．________ vt.教育；训练 →__________

　　adj.受过教育的；有教养的 →__________

　　n．教育 13．________

　　vt. 建立； 创建 →__________

　　(过去式)

　　→__________

　　(过去分词)

　　→__________

　　n．建立；创办 14．________

　　n．暴力；暴行 →__________

　　adj.暴力的 educate educated education found founded founded foundation violence violent

　　15．__________

　　n．残忍；残酷 →__________

　　adj.残忍的 16．__________

　　adj.积极的；活跃的 →__________

　　v．行动 →__________

　　n．行为；行动 17．__________

　　adj.相等的；平等的 →__________ adv.平等地 →__________ n．平等 cruelty cruel active act action equal equally equality

　　18．________

　　adj.不公正的；不公平的 →__________ adj.公平的 19．________ adj.自私的 →__________ adj.无私的；忘我的 →__________

　　adv.无私地；忘我地 unfair fair selfish selfless selflessly

　　Ⅱ.短语快译

　　1．_______________

　　事实上 2．_______________

　　求助于；致力于 3．_______________

　　失业 4．_______________

　　在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 5．_______________

　　设立；建立

　　as a matter of fact turn to out of work in trouble

　　set up

　　6．_______________

　　爆炸；使充气 7．_______________

　　丧失勇气或信心 8．_______________

　　当权；上台 9．________________

　　愿意做某事 10．_______________

　　被判处……(徒刑) blow up lose heart come to power be willing to do sth. be sentenced to

　　Ⅲ.句式仿写 1．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.(关系副词when引导的定语从句) 仿写：那是一段我生活幸福的时光。 _________________ I lived a happy life.

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(see的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”) 仿写：最近几个月国际油价急剧下降。 __________________________________ the petrol price going down sharply.

　　3．Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(only引导的倒装句) 仿写：直到那时我才意识到友谊的重要性。 _________________ the importance of friendship.

　　4．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(the first time用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句) 仿写：他对玛丽一见钟情。 He fell in love with Mary ___________ ______________.

　　【答案】1.That was a time when 2．The last few months have seen

　　3．Only then did I realize 4．the first time he saw her Ⅳ.单元语法 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系代词”填空 1．We went through a period ____________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 2．I'd like to know the way ____________ he succeeded in rescuing the trapped.　 3．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future. 4．I don't believe the reason ____________ he explained to us the other day. 5．The reason ______________he was absent the other day was that he was injured. 【答案】1.in which/when　2.in which/that　3.to which　4．that/which 　5.for which/why

　　Ⅴ.教材活用 根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 1．________

　　(bear) on July 18, 1918, Nelson Mandela is the first black president of South Africa.He studied law after 2._________ (enter) university.In 1944 he 3.________ (found) ANC Youth League.Then in 1952 he set up 4._________

　　law office to help poor black people.

　　【答案】1.Born　2.entering　 3.founded　4.a 5．against　6.was sentenced　 7.to blow/blowing　8.and 9．later　10.really 1．devote vt.献身；专心于 【考点激活】 ① Zaragoza has devoted all his life ______ the field of science. 萨拉戈萨把他的一生都献给了科学领域。 (1)devote … to (doing) sth.　献身于……；致力于…… (2)devoted adj.　忠实的；献身的 be devoted to (doing) sth.　专心于；奉献于…… (3)devotion n．　关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 【知识建构】

　　Cinderella's two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king's riches, two birds flew by and plucked(啄) out their eyes. 辛德瑞拉的两个姐姐为了享受国王的财富，跟着辛德瑞拉，假装很爱她，这时两只鸟儿飞过来，啄瞎了她们的眼睛。(2024福建)

　　【易错点津】 在短语devote…to中，to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。类似短语还有：pay attention to 注意；object to反对；look forward to期盼；get down to 开始着手做；be/get/become/grow used (accustomed) to习惯于；lead to 导致。