2024高考英语【北师大版】一轮复习提能训练（13）含（解析）答案

　　高考题型提能练(十三)　Unit 13

　?、?阅读理解

　　A

　　On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird () and the

　　forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and

　　again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.

　　“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that

　　I can，” the hummingbird replies.

　　“It's such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems.

　　“There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”

　　In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt

　　Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since

　　then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good

　　actions will follow.

　　?If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give

　　in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her

　　new book.

　　In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest

　　university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai

　　Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to

　　call it after me，” she says.

　　WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real

　　problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with

　　the people，” says Maathai.

　　Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire

　　others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇报道。?；せ肪橙巳擞性?，文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai?；せ肪车囊恍┚咛寤疃约八赜诒；せ肪车囊恍┛捶?。

　　1．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?

　　A．It can create water from its beak.

　　B．It helps the other animals run away.

　　C．It tries its best to put out the fire.

　　D．It finds out a way to save the forest.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“... thinking of the world's environmental problems. ‘There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.’”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的原因是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。

　　2．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.

　　A．environmental experts

　　B．women villagers

　　C．people who had good values

　　D．people who love birds

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“... which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?

　　A．She is from Japan.

　　B．She received a Nobel Prize.

　　C．She is a university teacher.

　　D．She has always raised the hummingbird.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。

　　4．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.

　　A．good actions lead to good values

　　B．people's values influence their actions

　　C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices

　　D．people who have bad values may have good actions

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，如果你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。

　　B

　　(2024·江西省九校联合考试)If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.

　　The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow's milk; eggs; wheat.

　　What Is a Food Allergy?

　　Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.

　　What's a Reaction Like?

　　In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person's blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.

　　What Will the Doctor Do?

　　If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.

　　1.According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when

　　your immune system ________.

　　A.recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food

　　B.mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain food

　　C.prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system

　　D.releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food

　　2.In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?

　　A.Blood pressure rising.

　　B.Lips swelling.

　　C.Breathing difficulty.

　　D.Heart beating becoming slow.

　　3.Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?

　　A.Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.

　　B.Avoiding eating any food when going outside.

　　C.Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.

　　D.Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.

　　4.What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?

　　A.Ask you about the allergy-associated information.

　　B.Give you some medicine right away.

　　C.Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.

　　D.Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.

　　1．解析：选B　细节理解题根据第三段最后一句“But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知当你过敏时你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体故选B项解析：选C　细节理解题根据第四段第二句“This is a sudden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄出现呼吸困难故选C项解析：选D　细节理解题根据第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of

　　reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备故选D项解析：选A　推理判断题根据最后一段第四五句“The allergy specialist ... or other allergy-related conditions.”可知过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题故答案为A项C

　　Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.

　　This tension between what we feel we can have and what we're seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的) suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because you're dropping “you”．

　　So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?

　　Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.

　　While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.That isn't a reason to stop; it's just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It's all about starting simple and doing it now.

　　Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release_from_the_jail_of_your_mind and you'll be on your way.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择目标并且迅速做出决定。

　?。甀t can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________.

　　A．slow down and live a simple life

　　B．be careful when we choose to change

　　C．stick to our dreams under any circumstances

　　D．be content with what we already have

　　答案：C　细节理解题。文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead”inside because you're dropping “you”．如果你放弃了，你的内心会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选C。

　?。甒hat is the key to breaking the old patterns?

　　A．To focus on every detail.

　　B．To decide and take immediate action.

　　C．To listen to those close to us.

　　D．To think twice before we act.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B。

　　3．Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?

　　A．Escape from your punishment.

　　B．Realization of your dreams.

　　C．Freedom from your tension.

　　D．Reduction of your expectations.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据画线句子可知其本意是逃出你内心的牢笼。结合上文中在过多思考之前快速决定和行动可以推测这个画线句子是指要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。故选C。

　?。甒hat does the author intend to tell us?

　　A．It's easier than we think to get what we want.

　　B．It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.

　　C．It's impractical to change our way of thinking.

　　D．It's harder than we expect to follow a new course.

　　答案：A　写作意图题。从全文来看，作者主要是想要强调果断的行动而不是空想来实现自己的梦想和欲望，比起想要成功，行动更加容易。故选A。

　　.任务型阅读(2024·石家庄市复习教学质量检测)You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? It's a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are some basic tips to avoid that infamous essay：● Don't write the “safe” essay.

　　1.________

　　It could be something that others have also experienced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out.

　　● Avoid the generic and get specific.

　　Never write that you're “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. 2.________ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you copy from the Internet.

　　●3.________

　　There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that information on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office.

　　● Don't talk about rankings.

　　Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flattering (讨好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aware of their rankings. 4.________

　　● Don't complain.

　　If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Don't point fingers. 5.________

　　A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across.

　　A.It's important to show patience and determination.

　　B.This applies to all types of essays.

　　C.Don't forget about the activity list.

　　D.Pick a topic that only you can write about.

　　E.They just want to know why you want to attend.

　　F.Don't repeat information that is elsewhere in your application.

　　G.Tell the reader what you've done, how you've been influenced, and by whom.

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　(2024·河南三市第二次联考)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few 1.________

　　(century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a 2.________ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but 3.________ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will 4.________ (lay) down to move electricity around.

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in 5.________ West. This is not an argument against 6.________

　　(build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of 7.________， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily 8.________ we can now.

　　So balance will have to 9.________

　　(make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be 10.________

　　(careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.

　?、?书面表达

　　(2024·辽宁省葫芦岛市一模)如今，随着智能手机和电子设备的普及，“低头族”现象兴起，人们沉溺于手机等电子设备，因而忽略了自己和他人的沟通交流，甚至在家庭聚餐中也只顾玩手机而不和长辈聊天，老人感到失落万分，请根据下图写一篇英语短文。

　　内容要点如下：

　　1.描述图画内容；

　　2.对图中现象加以分析；

　　3.针对这个现象提出建议。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。

　　高考题型提能练(十三).1～5　DGFEA.

　　1．centuries　考查名词的数空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries2．lasting　考查词性转换根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知空格处作定语修饰名词故用last的形容词形式lasting3．in　考查介词in the ways为固定搭配意为“以这些方式”符合语境故填in4．be laid　考查动词的语态因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词之间为被动关系故填be laid5．the　考查冠词the West为专有名词意为“西部西方”故填定冠词the6．building　考查非谓语动词空格前的“against”为介词介词后应接名词动名词或代词故用build的动名词形式building7．it　考查代词分析该句结构可知空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”作介词of的宾语故用it8．than　考查比较级结构根据该句中的“far more”可知此处表示比较的概念空格处填比较级标志词thanfar more than为固定搭配意为“远超过……”符合语境9．be made　考查动词的语态该句主语为“balance”和动词“make”之间是被动关系应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知空格处应用be动词的原形故填be made10．carefully　考查词性转换分析该句结构可知空格处修饰动词“moved”应用副词故填careful的副词形式carefully.参考范文：As can be seen from the picture, a big family get together to have a splendid dinner. But when they sit down to table, the young just bury themselves in playing with their cellphones, tablet PCs and other electronic devices, totally ignoring their parents, who feel very lonely and sad.