语法专练九　情态动词和虚拟语气

　　一、单句填空

　　1.(2024福建,27)—Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh,its too bad.You 　have made full preparations.?

　　2.(2024陕西,21)You 　feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.?

　　3.(2024四川,2)You 　be careful with the camera.It costs!?

　　4.(2024天津,13)I wish I 　(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.?

　　5.(2024江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble　I known the schedule.?

　　6.(2024重庆,3)Ive ordered some pizza,so we　worry about cooking when we get home tired.?

　　7.(2024大纲全国,30)Although you　find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.?

　　8.(2024湖南,25)—Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

　　—Do you mean we　bring anything with us? ?

　　9.(2024四川,6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother　(will)take me to Disneyland at weekends.?

　　10.(2024湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey　(be)present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　11.(2024全国Ⅱ,6)Since nobody gave him any help,he　 have done the research on his own.?

　　12.(2024四川,5)—Why are your eyes so red? You　have slept well last night.?

　　—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.

　　13.(2024安徽,28)I　(go)to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.?

　　14.—　you interrupt now? Cant you see I’m on the phone??

　　—Sorry sir,but it’s urgent.

　　15.I 　 thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.?

　　16.If you 　 go,at least wait until the storm is over.?

　　17.They　have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.?

　　二、语法填空

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Tom:Hi,Mr.Smith.　1　you give me a hand??

　　Mr.Smith:Of course.You　2　hesitate to ask me for help.Whats the matter with you??

　　Tom:My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.

　　Mr.Smith:What do you usually do after school?

　　Tom:I usually go to the playground to play basketball.But I know that I　3　go home first.?

　　Mr.Smith:Why dont you go home directly?

　　Tom:My mother usually says,“Every student　4　do their homework first after school,and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see,if I　5　(do)my homework first now,I couldnt have a rest and relax.I am so tired.?

　　Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable.As a mother,she believes that you　6　never work too hard,while you think you need some time to have a rest.Does your mother know what you think??

　　Tom:No.Even if I　7　(tell)her before,she wouldn’t have understood it.?

　　Mr.Smith:I don’t think you are right.I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you.Besides,you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you　8　as well learn to communicate with her.?

　　Tom:Thank you for your advice.It is high time I　9　(talk)with her.?

　　Mr.Smith:I　10　agree more.?

　　1.2.3.4.5.　?

　　6.7.8.9.10.　?

　　三、短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。

　　修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

　　2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they are the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t.However,people believe if Peter works as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.

　　At home,their parents suggest that they must finish their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it were OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.

　　One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom?s name and signed his name on its cover happy,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.

　　When the teacher told the truth to the twins? mother,she was very angry and shouted at Peter,“How I wish you are as diligent as your brother!Now it?s time that I give you a good lesson.And you mustn?t play any computer games for a month!”

　　“Oh,no!Mom.Without a computer for such a long time,I will die.I would rather you ask me to do the dishes for a month alone,”Peter was upset.

　　“If you finished your homework on time yesterday,you wouldn’t be punished now,”said the mother.

　　答案全解全析

　　一、单句填空

　　1.should　句意:——对不起,妈妈!这次工作面试我又失败了。 ——噢,太糟了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done sth 表示:应该做某事但事实上没有做。

　　2.may/might　句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百地确定你以后会庆幸你这么做了。根据题干中的but Im a hundred percent sure later可知设空处表示“不确定,没把握”,故用may/might。

　　3.must　句意:你必须小心使用这个相机,它很贵的!根据对话内容可知空格处表示“必要性”,意为:必须,故用must。

　　4.had been　句意:要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。

　　5.had　句意:要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。

　　6.neednt　句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知答案为neednt。

　　7.can　句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品,但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。考查情态动词。can在此处表示“可能性”。

　　8.neednt　句意:——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物?！愕囊馑际撬滴颐遣槐卦俅魏味髁寺?本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”。

　　9.would　句意:我仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。本题考查情态动词。would 过去常常。

　　10.had been　句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反,故答案为had been。在虚拟语气中,如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件从句谓语动词为:had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。

　　11.must　句意:既然没有人帮助他,他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。

　　12.cant/couldn’t　句意:——你的眼睛为什么那么红?昨晚你肯定没睡好?！堑?我熬夜写报告了。“cant/couldn’t have+过去分词”表示过去不可能做了某事。

　　13.would/should have gone　句意:我昨天晚上本来想要/本应该去我表兄的生日聚会,但是没有空。句中的时间状语last night明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟,故答案是would/should have gone。

　　14.Must　句意:——你非要现在插嘴吗?难道你没看见我在打电话吗?——很抱歉,先生,但是这个事情太紧急了。must表示“非要,偏偏”,多指令人不快的事。

　　15.cant　句意:我再怎么感谢你都不为过,因为我们不在家的时候你帮助了我的儿子。cant...too much表示“再……也不为过”。

　　16.must　句意:如果你偏要走,至少要等到暴风雨停了。must表示“非要,偏偏”,多指令人不快的事。

　　17.should　句意:他们本应该在午餐时间到达,可是他们的飞机误点了。should have done表示“过去本应该做某事而未做”。

　　二、语法填空

　　[语篇解读]　本文为汤姆和史密斯老师就汤姆的妈妈抱怨他放学后不按时回家而进行的对话。

　　1.Can　can在这里表示请求帮助,意为“能”。

　　2.neednt　句意:你向我求助时不必犹豫。neednt不必。

　　3.should　句意:但是我知道我应该先回家。should应该。

　　4.shall　shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句中时,可用来介绍法规、规定的内容。

　　5.did　根据上下文逻辑及后面的couldnt have a rest,可知设空处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为did。

　　6.can　“cannot(can never)...too+形容词或副词”表示“再……也不为过”。

　　7.had told　根据上下文逻辑及句子后面的“wouldnt have understood”,可知设空处为与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为had told。

　　8.might　might as well do sth.意为:还是做……为好。

　　9.talked　由It is high time sb.did sth.可知填talked。

　　10.cant　I cant agree more.我完全同意。

　　三、短文改错

　　1.第一段第二句:are→were 　根据语境可知此处表达的与客观事实相反,故as if引导的从句中谓语动词要用虚拟形式。

　　2.第一段第五句:works→worked　根据语境可知此处if引导的从句表达与现在事实相反的假设,谓语动词要用虚拟形式。

　　3.第二段第一句:去掉must或must→should　suggest作“建议”讲,后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用should+动词原形,其中should可以省略。

　　4.第二段第二句:were→is　insist在此处意为“坚持认为/说”,that从句谓语动词不用虚拟形式。当insist意为“坚决要求”时,其后面宾语从句的谓语动词才用虚拟形式,即(should)+动词原形。

　　5.第三段第三句:happy→happily　用副词修饰动词。

　　6.第四段:are→were　wish后面的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词要用were。

　　7.第四段:give→gave或在give前加should　“Its time+that从句”,that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形。

　　8.第五段:will→would　根据语境可知此处表达与现在情况相反的虚拟语气,故will要改为would。

　　9.第五段:ask→asked　此处表达“宁愿别人做某事”,要用would rather sb.did sth.结构。

　　10.最后一段:finished前加had　本句的if从句表达与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词要用过去完成时。

　　语法专练九　情态动词和虚拟语气

　　一、单句填空

　　1.(2024福建,27)—Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh,its too bad.You 　have made full preparations.?

　　2.(2024陕西,21)You 　feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.?

　　3.(2024四川,2)You 　be careful with the camera.It costs!?

　　4.(2024天津,13)I wish I 　(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.?

　　5.(2024江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble　I known the schedule.?

　　6.(2024重庆,3)Ive ordered some pizza,so we　worry about cooking when we get home tired.?

　　7.(2024大纲全国,30)Although you　find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.?

　　8.(2024湖南,25)—Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

　　—Do you mean we　bring anything with us? ?

　　9.(2024四川,6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother　(will)take me to Disneyland at weekends.?

　　10.(2024湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey　(be)present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　11.(2024全国Ⅱ,6)Since nobody gave him any help,he　 have done the research on his own.?

　　12.(2024四川,5)—Why are your eyes so red? You　have slept well last night.?

　　—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.

　　13.(2024安徽,28)I　(go)to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.?

　　14.—　you interrupt now? Cant you see I’m on the phone??

　　—Sorry sir,but it’s urgent.

　　15.I 　 thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.?

　　16.If you 　 go,at least wait until the storm is over.?

　　17.They　have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.?

　　二、语法填空

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Tom:Hi,Mr.Smith.　1　you give me a hand??

　　Mr.Smith:Of course.You　2　hesitate to ask me for help.Whats the matter with you??

　　Tom:My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.

　　Mr.Smith:What do you usually do after school?

　　Tom:I usually go to the playground to play basketball.But I know that I　3　go home first.?

　　Mr.Smith:Why dont you go home directly?

　　Tom:My mother usually says,“Every student　4　do their homework first after school,and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see,if I　5　(do)my homework first now,I couldnt have a rest and relax.I am so tired.?

　　Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable.As a mother,she believes that you　6　never work too hard,while you think you need some time to have a rest.Does your mother know what you think??

　　Tom:No.Even if I　7　(tell)her before,she wouldn’t have understood it.?

　　Mr.Smith:I don’t think you are right.I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you.Besides,you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you　8　as well learn to communicate with her.?

　　Tom:Thank you for your advice.It is high time I　9　(talk)with her.?

　　Mr.Smith:I　10　agree more.?

　　1.2.3.4.5.　?

　　6.7.8.9.10.　?

　　三、短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。

　　修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

　　2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they are the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t.However,people believe if Peter works as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.

　　At home,their parents suggest that they must finish their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it were OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.

　　One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom?s name and signed his name on its cover happy,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.

　　When the teacher told the truth to the twins? mother,she was very angry and shouted at Peter,“How I wish you are as diligent as your brother!Now it?s time that I give you a good lesson.And you mustn?t play any computer games for a month!”

　　“Oh,no!Mom.Without a computer for such a long time,I will die.I would rather you ask me to do the dishes for a month alone,”Peter was upset.

　　“If you finished your homework on time yesterday,you wouldn’t be punished now,”said the mother.

　　答案全解全析

　　一、单句填空

　　1.should　句意:——对不起,妈妈!这次工作面试我又失败了。 ——噢,太糟了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done sth 表示:应该做某事但事实上没有做。

　　2.may/might　句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百地确定你以后会庆幸你这么做了。根据题干中的but Im a hundred percent sure later可知设空处表示“不确定,没把握”,故用may/might。

　　3.must　句意:你必须小心使用这个相机,它很贵的!根据对话内容可知空格处表示“必要性”,意为:必须,故用must。

　　4.had been　句意:要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。

　　5.had　句意:要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。

　　6.neednt　句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知答案为neednt。

　　7.can　句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品,但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。考查情态动词。can在此处表示“可能性”。

　　8.neednt　句意:——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗?本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”。

　　9.would　句意:我仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。本题考查情态动词。would 过去常常。

　　10.had been　句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反,故答案为had been。在虚拟语气中,如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件从句谓语动词为:had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。

　　11.must　句意:既然没有人帮助他,他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。

　　12.cant/couldn’t　句意:——你的眼睛为什么那么红?昨晚你肯定没睡好?！堑?我熬夜写报告了。“cant/couldn’t have+过去分词”表示过去不可能做了某事。

　　13.would/should have gone　句意:我昨天晚上本来想要/本应该去我表兄的生日聚会,但是没有空。句中的时间状语last night明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟,故答案是would/should have gone。

　　14.Must　句意:——你非要现在插嘴吗?难道你没看见我在打电话吗?——很抱歉,先生,但是这个事情太紧急了。must表示“非要,偏偏”,多指令人不快的事。

　　15.cant　句意:我再怎么感谢你都不为过,因为我们不在家的时候你帮助了我的儿子。cant...too much表示“再……也不为过”。

　　16.must　句意:如果你偏要走,至少要等到暴风雨停了。must表示“非要,偏偏”,多指令人不快的事。

　　17.should　句意:他们本应该在午餐时间到达,可是他们的飞机误点了。should have done表示“过去本应该做某事而未做”。

　　二、语法填空

　　[语篇解读]　本文为汤姆和史密斯老师就汤姆的妈妈抱怨他放学后不按时回家而进行的对话。

　　1.Can　can在这里表示请求帮助,意为“能”。

　　2.neednt　句意:你向我求助时不必犹豫。neednt不必。

　　3.should　句意:但是我知道我应该先回家。should应该。

　　4.shall　shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句中时,可用来介绍法规、规定的内容。

　　5.did　根据上下文逻辑及后面的couldnt have a rest,可知设空处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为did。

　　6.can　“cannot(can never)...too+形容词或副词”表示“再……也不为过”。

　　7.had told　根据上下文逻辑及句子后面的“wouldnt have understood”,可知设空处为与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为had told。

　　8.might　might as well do sth.意为:还是做……为好。

　　9.talked　由It is high time sb.did sth.可知填talked。

　　10.cant　I cant agree more.我完全同意。

　　三、短文改错

　　1.第一段第二句:are→were 　根据语境可知此处表达的与客观事实相反,故as if引导的从句中谓语动词要用虚拟形式。

　　2.第一段第五句:works→worked　根据语境可知此处if引导的从句表达与现在事实相反的假设,谓语动词要用虚拟形式。

　　3.第二段第一句:去掉must或must→should　suggest作“建议”讲,后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用should+动词原形,其中should可以省略。

　　4.第二段第二句:were→is　insist在此处意为“坚持认为/说”,that从句谓语动词不用虚拟形式。当insist意为“坚决要求”时,其后面宾语从句的谓语动词才用虚拟形式,即(should)+动词原形。

　　5.第三段第三句:happy→happily　用副词修饰动词。

　　6.第四段:are→were　wish后面的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词要用were。

　　7.第四段:give→gave或在give前加should　“Its time+that从句”,that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形。

　　8.第五段:will→would　根据语境可知此处表达与现在情况相反的虚拟语气,故will要改为would。

　　9.第五段:ask→asked　此处表达“宁愿别人做某事”,要用would rather sb.did sth.结构。

　　10.最后一段:finished前加had　本句的if从句表达与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词要用过去完成时。