从句的主语为it或和主句主语一致，同时从句的谓语动词含有be动词，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。when caught by police 是状语从句when this person is caught by police的省略。此处状语从句的主语同主句主语一致且句中含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。注意：省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以，从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的，从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑。

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①When asked about their opinions(当被问及)about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor of younger men.(2011· 湖北卷 · 多项选择30) ②When ________ about his future plans，Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would follow a modern theme. (2024·长沙地质中学月考)

　　A．asking

　　B．asked C．to ask

　　D．being asked

　　答案　B ③We're always going off to ________ countries to promote China. (2024·江西临川一中10月份月考) A．far away

　　B．far-off C．far from

　　D．away from 答案　B 【课本原句】 There is no cure for HIV or Aids, and after a person has been infected，he or she will always carry the virus.(P34)艾滋病毒和艾滋病没有治愈的方法，一旦被感染了，他或是她就会一直携带病毒。 【联想拓展】 infect sb with... 传染给某人…… be infected with... 被传染上……，感染上…… infectious adj.传染的 infection n.传染，影响,

　　infect vt.感染

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①My computer is infected with(感染) a virus. (2024·江苏启东检测) ②The patients ________ A(H1N1) should be separated from others and well treated.

　　(2011·邵东一中11月月考) A．being infected with

　　B．having infected with C．infected with

　　D．to infect with 答案　C

　　estimate n．估算，估计，估价 vt.估计，估算，估价；评价，

　　判断(常与highly，greatly等表示程度的副词连用) 【课本原句】 According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates from 2005, more than 4 million children had died from Aids, and more than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids.(P34)根据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计，从2005年起，超过400万的儿童已经由于艾滋病而死亡，超过1 400万的儿童由于艾滋病失去了父母。 estimation n．评价，判断，看法；估计，估算 estimate sth at/to be...估算…… estimate that...估计…… in one's estimate 根据某人的判断 in the estimation of the most people 在大多数人的心目中

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①It has been estimated that(据估计) the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. (2011·上海卷·阅读理解A) ②我估计他的收入约为5 000英镑。 I estimated his income at about ￡5,000. ③你能将费用大致地估算一下吗？ Can you give me a rough estimate of the cost? ④他在同学们中评价很高。 He is highly estimated among the classmates.

　　term n．术语，名词；学期；期限；(pl.)关系，友谊，地位；

　　条件 【课本原句】 When discussing the problem of Aids, we use a lot of technical and scientific terms on this website.(P39)讨论艾滋病这个问题的时候，这个网站使用了许多技术和科学的术语。 【联想拓展】 in the long (short) term 从长远(眼前)来看in terms of 就……而言，从……角度，从……方面；根据，按照be on good/bad terms with 与……关系很好/坏come to terms with sb 和解；妥协；让步come to terms with sth 甘心忍受；适应；顺从keep on good terms with sb 与某人保持友好关系

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion(从时尚的角度)?

　　(2010· 湖北卷 · 阅读理解C) ②Liu Xiang hasn't recovered from his foot injury, but ________ his performance in the 2009 National Games, he is a success. (2011·邵东创新实验学校9月份月考) A．thanks to

　　B．in terms of　 C．instead of

　　D．regardless of

　　答案　B

　　addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的，使人入迷的 【课本原句】 Although these drugs can produce different reactions, they are all addictive, physically and/or psychologically.(P46)尽管这些毒品会产生不同的反应，但它们都会使人上瘾，生理上或心理上上瘾，或者是两者兼而有之。 addiction n.瘾，入迷，嗜好(＋to) addict n.吸毒成瘾的人，瘾君子；对……入迷的人 a drug addict 有毒瘾之人；有药瘾之人 a golf addict 对高尔夫球入迷的人 addicted adj.成瘾的(常用作表语，不用在名词之前，常与介词to搭配使用

　　——看看高考怎么考 用addict的适当形式填空 ①But what I was going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! (2011· 陕西卷 · 完形填空) ②Many people, including adults and teenagers, find Internet games addictive. ③Internet addiction,once considered simply a bad habit, is now classified as a psychological disorder. ④Smokers are likely to be addicted to nicotine.

　　order n．秩序，次序，顺序；整齐；命令；订购；订单；点饭

　　(菜)vt.命令；订购；安排 【课本原句】 The police help keep order and protect us from crime.(P49)警察帮助维持秩序，保护我们免于犯罪。 【联想拓展】 keep order 维持秩序 in order of 以……的顺序 in order 井然有序；适宜的 out of order 紊乱的；出故障的 in order to do/that... 为了…… give/place an order for sth with (sb)(和某人)订购某物 give/take orders下达/接受命令 order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 order that...(should)＋动词原形 命令…… order sb sth＝order sth for sb 为某人订购……

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order(适宜的)?

　　(2011·江苏卷·任务型阅读) ②I'd like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school.Firstly，we should be given more opportunities to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it(以便更好的掌握它)．(2010·江苏卷·书面表达范文) 用介/副词填空 ③He called out our names in order. ④Your room is out of order and you should tidy it. 【课本原句】 Cybercrime is a relatively new term that refers to any computer-related criminal offence.(P50) 网络犯罪是一个相对较新的词语，指任何与电脑相关的犯罪。 【联想拓展】 commit/make an offence against 违反；破坏(法律、风俗)give/cause offence to 触怒，得罪without offence 不触怒(冒犯)人；没生气no offence 不要见怪，没有冒犯你的意思offensive adj.冒犯的，攻击性的，令人不快的offensive to sb 冒犯某人的，得罪某人的；对某人无礼的offend v.得罪，冒犯offend against sb/sth违背(人情)；违反(常理)，有悖于,

　　offence n．犯罪，冒犯；罪过

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence(交通犯罪) or are being suspected of drunk driving will be tested.

　　(2011· 福建卷 · 阅读理解A) ②Neil did not mean to offend(冒犯)anybody with his joke. ③Whoever committed a(n) ________ should be punished by law.

　　(2024·江苏省海门市高三第二次诊断性考试) A．allowance　

　　B．offence　 C．suicide　

　　D．passport 答案　B

　　identify vt.认定；识别，鉴别 【课本原句】 At the Council of Europe, we feel that such specific classifications are necessary as they help identify and combat cybercrime, a serious problem nowadays.(P50) 在欧洲议会，我们感到，当网络犯罪已成为一个严重问题的今天，这样明确的分类是必要的，可以帮助我们确认并打击网络犯罪。 【联想拓展】 identify sb/sth as sb/sth确认/证明某人/某物为……；鉴别出某人/某物为…… identify sth with sth 认为某物与另一物等同 identify (oneself) with sb/sth支持某人/某物，与某人/某物有联系identity n.身份；特征 identity card 身份证 identification n.验明；鉴别 identical adj. 同一的，完全相同的 be identical to 和……完全一样

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects(鉴别物体) in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

　　(2011· 山东卷 · 阅读理解D) ②The identification(验明) of the accident victims took some time. ③这个系统与法国所用的那个完全相同。 This system is identical to the one used in France. 【课本原句】 Ajani and his sister lost their father to Aids two years ago, and now their mother has died of the same disease.(P34)阿加尼和他的妹妹两年前因艾滋病失去了他们的父亲，现在他们的母亲也死于同样的疾病。

　　lose sb to sth 因某事失去某人 【联想拓展】 lose to/against sb 负于某人 lose one‘s breath 喘不过气来 lose touch with...和……失去联系 lose one‘s balance 失去平衡 lose control of...失去对……的控制 lose sight of 看不见 lose track of...失去……的线索

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①他没有灰心，终于在戏剧方面取得了成功。 He didn't lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.

　　(2011·重庆卷·阅读理解D) ②如果不采取措施，越来越多的孩子将会因艾滋病而失去父母。 If action is not taken, more and more children will lose their parents to Aids. ③在世界杯半决赛中，德国队输给了意大利队，这使得德国人大失所望。 In the semi-final of the World Cup, the German football lost to Italy, which made the German people very disappointed. 【课本原句】 Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted, more than a few people subscribe to the view that HIV and Aids are an African problem because the infection rates there are very high.(P34)虽然很多人都熟悉艾滋病及其传播方式，还是有不少人赞成这样的观点：艾滋病病毒和艾滋病是非洲的问题，因为那里的感染率非常高。

　　subscribe to 同意，赞成；订阅(报纸、杂志等)；定期捐助 【联想拓展】 to为介词的短语：lead to 通向，导致 stick to 坚持 refer to 提到，参考 adjust to使……适应于 object to 反对 turn to 翻到，转向，求助于 appeal to 有吸引力 look forward to 期盼注意： subscribe to 中的to是介词，后跟名(代)词或动名词。

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to(参阅) relevant learning materials or Web pages. (2011· 安徽卷 · 书面表达，范文赏读) ②设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。 The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. ③________ I believe in you, I don't ________ your view-point ________ she is failing to find a well-paid job again. (2024·长沙市一中月考) A．When；submit；which B．As；subscribe for；where

　　C．If；apply for；/ D．While；subscribe to；that 答案　D 【课本原句】 In some cases, the beginning paragraph does not need a topic sentence at all.(P40)在一些情况下，开始段落不需要一个主题句。

　　in some cases在某些情况下 【联想拓展】 in case 以防万一，万一……的话 in case of... 以防……，万一 in no case 在任何情况下都不 in this/that case 假如是这样/那样的话 in the case of 就……来说，至于…… in any case 无论如何a s is often the case 这是常有的事

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①如果他来了，要让我知道。 In case he comes, let me know. ②你决不能离开岗位。 In no case are you to leave your post. ③以防有紧急情况，要备好医疗救助。

　　Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency. ④Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever. (2011· 湖南卷 · Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 33) A．as if

　　B．in case C．while

　　D．though

　　答案　A 【课本原句】 The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when caught by police determine the punishment.(P47) 一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重。

　　when caught by police... 　Units 3～4　 晨读在线　 假如你是李华，你所在的学校将建一个学生活动中心，请给校长写一封信，建议可在该中心举行两种活动。 注意：1.词数：不少于120； 2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 【范文欣赏】 　请同学们先进行完形填空(每空填一个单词) Dear headmaster， As a member of our school, I'd like to recommend to 1.you two activities to be held in our activity center. First, I think we can invite 2.an expert to give us a lecture on safety education.You know, with the development of society, natural disasters happen all over the world frequently and cause great losses 3.to people.So we must learn some safety knowledge to protect 4.ourselves and avoid some tragedies.Second,

　　I suggest we should organize a singing competition 5.in celebration of the birthday of our motherland.Our motherland has achieved numerous great achievements in the past decades.I believe each of us Chinese people must be proud of her 6.and thirsty for singing for her.Arrange for young teachers with taste to act 7.as judges, will you? I hope you can spare a 8.little time to consider my suggestions. Truly yours， Zhang Hua(148 words) 【名师点评】 第一段开门见山，直奔主题，要向校长建议两项活动；第二段具体建议两项活动，并分别说出了理由，理由充分，令人信服；第三段委婉地提出希望，礼貌得体。高级词汇(如recommend，natural disasters, frequently，tragedies，in celebration of，numerous，thirsty for等)及反意疑问句Arrange for young teachers with taste to act as judges, will you？的使用反映作者老道的文笔。 【疯狂背诵】

　　请用10分钟背诵范文 【还原范文】 请同学们将下列句子翻译成英语 1．亲爱的校长： Dear headmaster， 2．作为我们学校的一员，我想向您推荐两项活动。 As a member of our school, I'd like to recommend to you two activities. 3．首先，我认为我们可以邀请一位专家做安全教育方面的讲座。 First, I think we can invite an expert to give us a lecture on safety education. 4．你知道，随着社会的发展，世界各地的自然灾害频繁发生，给人们带来了巨大的损失。 You know, with the development of_society, natural disasters happen all over the world frequently and cause great losses to people. 5．所以我们必须要懂得一些安全知识来保护自己，避免一些悲剧。 So we must learn some safety knowledge to protect ourselves and avoid some tragedies. 6．第二，我建议我们应该组织一次歌咏比赛来庆祝我们祖国的生日。 Second, I suggest we should organize a singing competition in celebration of the birthday of our motherland. 7．我们的祖国在过去的几十年里取得了无数的伟大成就。 Our motherland has achieved numerous great achievements in the past decades. 8．我相信每一位中国人一定会为她感到自豪并渴望为她歌唱。 I believe each of us Chinese people must be proud of her and thirsty for singing for her. 9．请安排有品位的年轻老师来做评委，好吗？ Arrange for young teachers with taste to act as judges, will you? 10．我希望您能抽出一点时间考虑我的建议。 I hope you can spare a, little time to consider my suggestions. 11．你真诚的，张华。 Truly yours,_ Zhang Hua.

　　Ⅰ.单词默写 1．leak vt.&vi.漏，渗漏；泄露 2．distribution n．分布；分发，发放 3．swallow vt.&vi.吞，咽 4．slide vi.滑行，滑动 vt.使滑行，使滑动 5．withdrawal n．解毒期，脱瘾期；停止，取消；收回，撤回 6．additional adj.另外的，附加的，额外的 7．offence_n．犯罪，冒犯；罪过 8．identify vt.认定；识别，鉴别

　　9．steward n．干事，管理者；(飞机、轮船等的)乘务员 10．unsuitable adj.不合适的，不适合的 11．choke vt.to fill a road, pipe etc.completely and block it 12．addictive adj.making you addicted to something 13．erase vt.to completely remove written or recorded information　 14．ripe adj.to be in the right condition for something 15．suck vt.to take liquid into your mouth, through a straw etc. Ⅱ.词汇拓展 1．infect vt.感染→infection n．传染，影响→infectious adj.传染的 2．addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的→addicted adj.上瘾的→addiction n．瘾 3．offence n．犯罪，冒犯；罪过→offend v．得罪，冒犯→offensive adj.冒犯的，攻击性的，令人不快的 4．complicate vt.使……变得复杂→complicated adj.复杂的→complication n．使更复杂化的事物 5．applicant n．申请者→application n．应用，适用，申请→apply v．应用，申请 语境助记——词不离句，句不离段 Drugs are addictive.Many offences are caused by them. Under the infection of the drugs，people are sorrow during the withdrawal and stewards apply to take additional measures to solve the problem.

　　Ⅲ.短语落实 1．take...to court 把……告上法庭 2．apply to 适用于，应用于 3．get into a bad habit 养成坏习惯 4．keep up 跟上，不落后 5．break into 侵入，闯入；破门而入 6．relate to 与……相联系，与……有关 7．in the first place 首先，一开始 8．in prison 坐牢，被监禁 9．in some cases 在某些情况下 10．choke back 控制住，忍住 Ⅳ.句子翻译 1．As many smokers may tell you, nicotine is very physically addictive, which is why many people have trouble quitting smoking.(Page 46) 正如许多吸烟者可能告诉你的那样，尼古丁是非常容易让人在生理上上瘾的，这正是为什么很多人难以戒烟的原因。 2．It is also important to make new laws and create international standards for these laws similar to those concerning international airspace.(Page 51) 制定新的法律并为其设立类似于有关国际空域的世界标准也很重要。 3．Many countries are in legal straits now, as they had not passed laws to protect intellectual property until recently.(Page 62) 许多国家目前正处于法律困境，因为他们一直没有保护知识产权的法律，直到最近才通过了有关法律。 4．一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重。(Page 47) The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when caught by police determine the punishment. 5．我感觉很累，情绪波动很大。我一会儿很高兴，然后又变得很生气。(Page 59) I felt very tired and I had mood swings；I would be happy one moment and then suddenly angry. 【课本原句】 In an African village, eleven-year-old Ajani hears a far-off scream as he washes his little sister in a bath that leaks water.(P34)在非洲的一个村庄，11岁的阿加尼在漏水的浴盆中为妹妹洗澡时听到了远方的一声尖叫。