专题九　状语从句

　　一、地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

　　Where there is a will, there is a way.

　　Wherever you go，I'm right here waiting for you.

　　二、方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句通常由as, (just)as...so..., as if, as though引导。

　　1．as，(just)as...so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但当(just)as...so...结构位于句首时，as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如；就像”，多用于正式文体。

　　Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　As water is to fish, so air is to man.

　　Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

　　2.as if, as though

　　两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译作“仿佛……似的；好像……似的”。

　　They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed.

　　He looks as if ( as though)he had been hit by lighting.

　　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

　　三、原因状语从句

　　比较because, since, as和for的用法：

　　1．because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知的，就用as或since。

　　I didn't go, because I was afraid.

　　Since / As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

　　2．由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

　　He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

　　He must be ill, for he is absent today.

　　四、目的状语从句

　　表示目的状语的从句可以由 so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。

　　You must speak louder so that / in order that you can be heard by all.

　　He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.

　　Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

　　五、结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导。so...that与such...that之间可以转换。

　　The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

　　He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.

　　六、条件状语从句

　　连接词主要有 if, unless, as / so long as, on condition that等。

　　Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

　　If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

　　七、让步状语从句

　　1.though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

　　Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

　　He is very old, but he still works very hard.

　　Though the sore is healed, yet a scar may remain.

　　2．as, though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词原形提前)。

　　Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　3．ever if, even though“即使”。

　　We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

　　4．whether...or...“不管……都”。

　　Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

　　5．“no matter ＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋－ever”。

　　No matter what happened, he would not mind. ＝ Whatever happened, he would not mind.

　　高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在省略，时态的替代，语序的倒装以及连词的辨析四个方面。

　　1．成分的省略

　　(1)在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，可把从句的主语和be一起省略。

　　Don't speak until (you are) spoken to.

　　Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible.

　　(2)在比较状语从句中，可省略与主句相同的部分。

　　I know you more than he (knows you)．

　　Tom is two years older than Alice (is)．

　　(3)as (尽管)引导让步状语从句倒装时，表语提前，且其前的冠词要省略。

　　Hero as he is, he has shortcomings.

　　2．时态的替代

　　(1)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。

　　If it rains tomorrow, we won't go fishing.

　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

　　(2)The more...the more...句型中，前句起条件状语从句作用，故用现在时表将来。

　　The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.

　　(3)after, before, as soon as等连词本身就暗示了时间的先后，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，而不会产生时间上的混乱。

　　I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework.

　　The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived.

　　He got down to work as soon as he (had) go to the factory.

　　3．语序的倒装

　　(1)no sooner...than..., hardly / scarcely / barely...when...句型中的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，且置于句首时主句要倒装。

　　No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.

　　(2)so / such...that...，not until...置于句首时主句要倒装。

　　So angry did she feel that she couldn't speak.

　　Not until he told me the truth did I realize what had happened.

　　4．连词的辨析。根据上下文的语意推断属于哪种状语从句，然后选择连词。2011全国卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.

　　A. though

　　B. whether

　　C. as

　　D. since

　　A

　　【考点】考查连词。句意：那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句使用了省略形式，补全为“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。

　　【2011北京卷 29】__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.

　　A. Since

　　B. Once

　　C. Unless

　　D. While

　　D

　　【考点】考查让步状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Since“自从”once“一旦”unless“除非”均不合题意。

　　2011上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD.

　　A. whether

　　B. after

　　C. though

　　D. until

　　D

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：如果众人都说一部电影不好，我不会急着去看，或者会等到结果出来。

　　【2011上海卷 37】The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.

　　A. in case

　　B. as if

　　C. in order that

　　D. only if

　　C

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：为了让我们大家过上平安的日子，我市警察工作非常卖力。

　　【2011江西卷 29】Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.

　　A. whenever

　　B. however

　　C. whichever

　　D. wherever

　　A

　　【考点】考察状语从句连接词

　　【解析】whenever无论何时，however然而 whichever任何一个 wherever 无论哪里。请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会议，或者在任何你方便的

　　。关系副词在后句中充当状语，根据语境可知是指时间，选A。

　　2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______my daughter heard cries for help.

　　A. after

　　B. while

　　C. since

　　D. when

　　D

　　【考点】考察状语从句连接词。

　　【解析】语义表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。Be doing when表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)…”是常见结构，故选D项。

　　2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

　　A.that

　　B.when

　　C.since

　　D.before

　　B

　　【考点】考查时间状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。

　　2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.

　　A.

　　whether

　　B.

　　although

　　C.

　　for

　　D. so

　　B

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：尽管我很费力才将他叫醒，但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。Although引导让步状语从句。

　　2011四川卷 6】As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.

　　A. when

　　B. before

　　C. after

　　D. since

　　D

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故答案选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”

　　2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.

　　A. a desert may be dry

　　B. dry a desert may be

　　C. may a desert be dry

　　D. dry may a desert be

　　B

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：无论沙漠多么的干燥，都不肯能没有生命。How+adj.+陈述语序。

　　2011辽宁卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.

　　A. since

　　B. as

　　C. when

　　D. than

　　D

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：他刚一结束演讲，同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no sooner…than….。

　　2011陕西卷 17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______the present one.

　　A. as three times big as

　　B. three times as big as

　　C. as big as three times

　　D. as big three times as

　　B

　　【考点】考查状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为：

　　【2011天津卷 5】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

　　A.It

　　B. As

　　C.Although

　　D.Unless

　　C

　　【考点】考查连词。

　　【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。

　　2011陕西卷 19】__________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

　　A. Since

　　B. While

　　C. If

　　D. As

　　B

　　【考点】考查让步状语从句。While的意思是“虽然，尽管”，相当于though或although’。这句话的意思是：虽然他们都是强有力的候选人，但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。

　　【2011山东卷 28】He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good picture.

　　A. even if

　　B. if only

　　C. in case

　　D. so that

　　C

　　【考点】引导词。

　　【解析】句意“他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物。”in case 为“以防；以免”even if为“即使”if only 为“如果…”,so that “为了，以便”。

　　2011重庆卷 30】To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.

　　A.whichever

　　B.whenever

　　C.whoever

　　D.wherever

　　C

　　【考点】考查让步状语从句。

　　【解析】句意为“我们不论是跟谁握手的时候，我们常常将手套取下，以示尊敬。”shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。

　　2011湖南卷 33】Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______he had done something very clever.

　　A .as if

　　B. in case

　　C. while

　　D. though

　　A

　　【考点】本题考察状语从句的用法。

　　【解析】根据句意，空格处需要填入"好像，仿佛"。故选A。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。

　　10湖南〗Tim is in good shape physically

　　he doesn’t get much exercise.

　　A. if

　　B. even though

　　C. unless

　　D. as long as

　　B

　　〖考点〗本题考查状语从句的引导词。

　　〖解析〗句意为：“尽管Tim不经常锻炼, 但他身材很好。”前后是让步转折关系, 故选B项。

　　10山东〗The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.

　　A. once

　　B. when

　　C. if

　　D. unless

　　D

　　〖考点〗本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。

　　〖解析〗句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同, 否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示 “除非”用unless。该句式构成了 “连词+过去分词”结构。

　　10上海〗

　　you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

　　A. However a serious problem

　　B. What a serious problem

　　C. However serious a problem

　　D. What serious a problem

　　C

　　〖考点〗让步状语从句

　　〖解析〗根据句意 “无论你有多么严重的问题, 你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”, 而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。

　　10四川〗Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break

　　she got to her office.

　　A. since