Unit 2 English around the world

　　晨背三部曲 特殊句式(强调句)

　　经典佳句

　　1．我想申请我们学校英语俱乐部的副主席职位。

　　It's the position

　　vice-president of our school English club that I would like to run for.

　　2．是团队工作而不是独干使我摆脱了麻烦且增加了工作效率。

　　It was working in teams rather than on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my

　　work more efficient.

　　3．直到听到他说的话，我才意识到学习的重要性。

　　It wasn't until I heard what he said that I realized the importance of study.

　　4．正是因为人类的一些行为使得一些动物濒临灭绝。

　　It's because of human activities that some animals are endangered.

　　5．我们真的希望采取措施来阻止这种事情再次发生。

　　We do hope that something can be done to prevent such things

　　happening again.

　　热身体验

　　句型转换

　　1．What you do rather than what you say matters.(强调主语)

　　→It_is_what_you_do_rather_than_what_you_say_that matters.

　　2．He realized it was not so important after he got what he had desired.(强调时间状语)

　　→It_was_after_he_got_what_he_had_desired_that he realized it was not so important.

　　3．Write to me when you get there.(强调谓语动词)

　　→Do write to me when you get there.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的

　　2．native adj.

　　本国的；本地的

　　n.

　　本地人；本国人

　　3．actually adv.

　　实际上；事实上

　　4．command n．& vt.

　　命令；指令；掌握

　　5．request n．& vt.

　　请求；要求

　　6．accent n.

　　口音；腔调；重音

　　7．straight adv.

　　直接；挺直

　　adj.

　　直的；笔直的；正直的

　　8．base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的

　　9．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地

　　10．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later adv.

　　后来 adj.后期的→lately adv.近来；最近

　　11．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅

　　12．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地

　　13．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express vt.表达

　　14．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；认识

　　语境记忆

　　15．Mary speaks fluent Chinese while her brother speaks Japanese fluently.(fluent)

　　16．I can hardly express how grateful I feel.I will give him the present as an expression of gratitude.(express)

　　17．I hardly recognized him when he came in.As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond recognition.(recognize)

　　篇章记忆

　　Millions of people want to conquer the English language.They desire to speak English fluently like a native.Of course, mastering spelling and vocabulary plays a part in mastering English.Many English learners want instant success.However, having a good command of English is a gradual process.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.走近；上来；被提出　come_up

　　2．扮演一个角色；参与

　　play_a_part_(in)

　　3．以……作为……的基础

　　base_..._on_..._

　　4．标准英语

　　standard_English

　　5．信不信由你

　　believe_it_or_not

　　6．because of

　　由于；因为

　　7．at present

　　现在；目前

　　8．make use of

　　利用；使用

　　9．such as

　　例如……；像这种的

　　10．the number of

　　……的数量

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.疑问词＋do you think/believe/imagine/guess ... ＋其他

　　Which_country_do_you_think (你认为哪个国家) has the most English learners?

　　2．even if引导让步状语从句

　　Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English (即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同)．

　　3．more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说……

　　It was_based_more_on_German (更多的是以德语为基础) than the English we speak at present.

　　4．“no such＋可数名词单数”意为“没有这样的……”

　　Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as_standard_English (没有像标准英语这样的东西)．

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)

　　完成句子

　　1．The monitor asked me not_to_forget_to_turn_off the lights when I left the classroom.(turn)

　　班长叫我离开教室时不要忘记了关灯。

　　2.Mr Brown asked Mary whether_she_would_write Tom a letter in English or send him an e-mail.(write)

　　布朗先生问玛丽是给汤姆用英文写一封信还是给他发电子邮件。

　　3．Lisa asked me when/what_time_I_was_leaving_for Shanghai and when I could return.(leave)

　　丽萨问我何时动身去上海以及何时能够回来。

　　4．Mum asked me how_I_dealt_with the disagreement between the company and the customers.(deal)

　　妈妈问我是如何处理公司和顾客之间的分歧的。

　　5．Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people hadn't_been_proved yet.(prove)

　　昨晚的电视资讯说到那时为止，失踪人员中的死亡情况还没有得到证实。

　　　1.base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础

　　(1)base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上

　　be based on/upon

　　以……为基础；依据……

　　(2)basis n.

　　基础；基本原则

　　on the basis of

　　根据；在……的基础上

　　(3)basic adj.

　　基本的；基础的

　　People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary rather than

　　based on fixed criteria.

　　人们抱怨说，同意颁发许可证或拒绝授予许可证的决定通常都是任意性的(行为)，而不是基于固定的标准。

　　②If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basic skills may leave you with a lifetime's fun.

　　如果你是一位新手，学习钓鱼的基本技巧会给你的一生带来乐趣。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　这家餐馆建立在信任之上，现在运转正常。

　　①The restaurant is_based_on trust, and it is working all right.(base ... on ...)

　　②Based_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(分词短语作状语)

　　③The restaurant, which_is_based_on_trust,_is working all right.(定语从句)

　　④The restaurant, on_the_basis_of_trust,_is working all right.(basis)

　　2.command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握 vt.命令；指挥；支配(1)at one's command　听某人支配

　　under one's command ＝ under the command of sb.

　　由某人指挥

　　have (a) good command of

　　掌握；精通(尤指语言)

　　(be) in command of

　　掌握；控制

　　take command of

　　控制；担任……的指挥

　　(2)command sb. to do sth.

　　命令某人做某事

　　command that ... (should) do ...

　　命令……做……

　　①“We must make sure that troops obey the command of the Party and are absolutely loyal and reliable，”President Xi said.

　　习主席说：“我们必须确保军队服从党的领导，要绝对忠诚和可靠。”

　　②The police commanded the witness to describe /that the witness (should) describe what had happened the day before.

　　警察要求目击者描述一下前一天所发生的事情。

　　【联想发散】command后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋)do/be done, 以下动词具有相同的用法：

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.介词填空

　　①I'm at your command — what would you like me to do?

　　②For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.

　　③Under the leader's command, they achieved a goal after a goal.

　　④The students behaved badly because she didn't have a good command of English.

　　Ⅱ.一句多译

　　⑤老板命令他的员工们在天没黑之前不能离开办公室。

　　⑤－1 The boss commanded_that_his_workers_(should)_not_leave their office before dark.(command that ...)

　　⑤－2 The boss commanded_his_workers_not_to_leave their office before dark.(command＋复合宾语)

　　3.request n．& vt.请求；要求

　　(1)make (a) request for/that ... 　请求；要求……

　　at sb.'s request ＝ at the request of sb.

　　应某人的要求

　　(2)request sb. to do sth.

　　请求某人做某事

　　request sth. from/of sb.

　　向某人要求某物

　　request that sb. (should) do sth.

　　请求某人做某事

　　①You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.

　　你如果以问题的形式向对方提出请求就会显得更有礼貌。

　　②My parents requested that I should learn a second foreign language.

　　＝ My parents requested me to learn a second foreign language.

　　我父母要求我再学一门外语。

　　【关键一点】　

　　request sb. to do sth. √

　　require sb. to do sth. √

　　demand sb. to do sth. ×

　　demand of sb. to do sth. √

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①It_is_requested_that all the articles should be related to the students' life.(request)

　　要求所有的文章与学生的生活有关。

　　Ⅱ.句型转换

　　②I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.

　　→I made a request that the students should be well prepared for the exam.

　　③We requested Mr. Wang not to smoke in the office.

　　→We requested that

　　Mr. Wang (should)_not smoke in the_office.

　　4.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认

　　(1) recognize ... as/to be ... 　承认/公认……是……

　　recognize that ...

　　认识到/承认……

　　It is (generally) recognized that ... 公认……

　　人们

　　(2)recognition n.

　　认出；认识

　　out of/beyond recognition

　　认不出来

　　　①It is the ability to recognize a change in number.

　　　辨认出数字的变化是一种能力。

　　We had to recognize that they had many advantages over us in some aspects.

　　我们不得不承认，他们在某些方面要比我们更有优势。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.用recognize的适当形式填空

　　①Being recognized in public has brought her much trouble, so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition.

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　②The city has been built up so fast that_it's_changed_beyond_recognition.(recognize)

　　这座城市建设得真快，已看不出它原来的面貌了。

　　③It_is_recognized_that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(recognize)

　　人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们面临的最严重的问题之一。

　　because of因为；由于

　　　①Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break when she got to her office.

　　因为交通阻塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。

　　②She was angry because of what you had said.

　　因为你说的话，她生气了。

　　【联想发散】表示“由于，因为”的短语还有哪些？

　　owing to, thanks to, due to, as a result of, on account of等。

　　【个性比较】　because, because of

　　because 连词，引导原因状语从句或表语从句

　　because of 介词短语，后面接名词、代词、名词性短语或what从句

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.选词填空(because/because of)

　　①He is absent today because he is ill.

　　＝ He is absent today because_of his illness.

　　Ⅱ.高考作文高级表达

　　②由于(because of)爱迪生对世界做出了巨大贡献，我十分崇拜他。

　　I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world.

　　6.come up 走近；上来；被提出；发生；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)上升　

　　①It is hoped that the question will come up at the meeting.

　　人们希望这个问题在会议上被提出。

　　②I'll let you know if anything comes up.

　　如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。

　　【轻松识记】

　　come up with　想出；提出come about

　　发生come across

　　穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发现come to

　　苏醒；总计；达到；谈到When it comes to ...

　　当谈到……

　　【关键一点】　

　　come up 主语是物，表示(计划、建议、议题等)被提出

　　come up with 主语是人或团体组织，表示(某人)提出

　　Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse？

　　既然你能想出一个好的借口，为什么要说出真相？

　　【对点练习】

　　写出下列句中come up的含义

　　①An old lady came up to me and asked for directions.走近

　　②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.被提出

　　③I planted some lily (百合花) seeds in the yard.But they failed to come up.发芽

　　④When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.(太阳、月亮等)升起

　　⑤I'm afraid something urgent has come up.发生

　　7.make use of 利用；使用

　　　充分利用

　　(2)come into use